Laminin as a Key Extracellular Matrix for Proliferation, Differentiation, and Maturation of Porcine Muscle Stem Cell Cultivation

Extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins play a crucial role in culture muscle stem cells (MuSCs). However, there is a lack of extensive research on how each of these proteins influences the proliferation and differentiation of MuSCs from livestock animals. Therefore, we investigated the effects of various ECM coatings—collagen, fibronectin, gelatin, and laminin—on the proliferation, differentiation, and maturation of porcine MuSCs. Porcine MuSCs, isolated from 14-day-old Berkshire piglets, were cultured on ECM-coated plates, undergoing three days of proliferation followed by three days of differentiation. MuSCs on laminin showed higher proliferation rate than others (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the mRNA expression levels of PAX7, MYF5, and MYOD among MuSCs on laminin, collagen, and fibronectin (p > 0.05). During the differentiation period, MuSCs cultured on laminin exhibited a significantly higher differentiation rate, resulting in thicker myotubes compared to those on other ECMs (p < 0.05). Also, MuSCs on laminin showed higher expression of mRNA related with maturated muscle fiber such as MYH1 and MYH4 corresponding to muscle fiber type IIx and IIb, respectively, compared with MuSCs on other ECM coatings (p < 0.05). In summary, our comparison of ECMs revealed that laminin significantly enhances MuSC proliferation and differentiation, outperforming other ECMs. Specifically, muscle fibers cultured on laminin exhibited a more mature phenotype. These findings underscore laminin's potential to advance in vitro muscle research and cultured meat production, highlighting its role in supporting rapid cell proliferation, higher differentiation rates, and the development of mature muscle fibers.