Table 4. Current patents highlighting research efforts in precision fermentation protein production for artificial milk

Description of selected patents Reference
The recombinant milk protein pointed out herein can be a recombinant β-lactoglobulin that includes an amino acid sequence featuring amino acid residue N152 of Bos taurus β-lactoglobulin, along with non-native N-glycosylation at that amino acid residue. Geistlinger et al.(2019)
A micelle composition comprising both alpha casein and kappa casein, where at least one of the proteins is a recombinant or modified version of the original protein. Radman et al.(2021)
Preparations of reconstituted or recombined milk, along with milk powder and its derivatives, which do not include any non-milk fats or non-milk proteins, along with the relevant methods involved. Geistlinger et al.(2017)
Recombinant milk protein that has significantly reduced or nearly eliminated allergenicity, while maintaining one or more functional properties of the natural protein. Bhatt et al.(2021)
A liquid colloid featuring a micellar form, which includes a recombinant α casein protein, a recombinant κ casein protein, and at least one salt, while explicitly excluding β casein protein from the micellar form. Gibson et al.(2020)
The recombinant milk protein is an innovative form of recombinant β-lactoglobulin, characterized by an amino acid sequence that incorporates one or more residues selected from T4, T6, T18, S21, S27, S30, S36, T49, T76, T97, S110, S116, T125, S150, N152, and T154 of Bos taurus β-lactoglobulin. This protein features non-native glycosylation found on one or more specific amino acid residues. Geistlinger et al.(2020b)
The egg replacer contains recombinant β-lactoglobulin, which shows a similarity of at least 80% to bovine β-lactoglobulin. Geistlinger et al.(2020a)
A method for generating a purified milk product that contains secretory IgA (sIgA) derived from cultured mammary cells and plasma cells. Strickland(2021)
A collection of recombinant proteins, including β-lactoglobulin, κ-casein, α-lactalbumin, β-casein, α-S2-casein, α-S1-casein, and serum albumin, where at least one of these proteins features a sequence exhibiting at least 70% identity to the amino acid sequence of bovine proteins, and is synthesized within a fungal cell. Pandya et al.(2015)