Table 3. Free amino acid contents of powders produced from differentially sacrificed mealworms (unit: mg/100 g dry basis)
| F | S | B | BI | R |
| Aspartic acid | 4,168.52±36.66a | 4,103.97±12.93b | 100.38±3.07e | 234.29±5.37c | 175.76±1.61d |
| Glutamic acid | 17,952.06±144.71a | 14,452.21±97.92b | 631.06±0.68e | 1,321.96±5.08c | 920.44±15.94d |
| Asparagine | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Serine | 4,861.48±30.74a | 4,301.97±27.98b | 162.79±2.28e | 333.86±5.38c | 245.22±2.22d |
| Glutamine | NA | NA | 1,068.64±26.17b | 1,863.66±233.66a | 401.40±3.55c |
| Histidine | 3,044.72±1.61b | 3,050.82±0.51a | 643.38±13.22e | 1,422.23±0.49c | 1,102.72±4.54d |
| Glycine | 2,828.23±21.78b | 2,970.14±5.15a | 139.07±1.18e | 295.68±1.89c | 197.84±7.81d |
| Threonine | 4,467.99±30.22a | 4,011.49±13.87b | 344.96±5.88e | 815.59±16.38c | 485.84±5.79d |
| Arginine | 554.27±73.16e | 4,211.67±6.81a | 1,015.86±21.10d | 1,783.23±9.46c | 1,828.43±13.69b |
| Alanine | 13,049.94±27.58a | 11,460.45±33.47b | 248.80±8.99e | 1,052.33±6.19c | 590.27±4.27d |
| Tyrosine | 3,266.94±15.66b | 3,744.94±13.79a | 854.36±34.73e | 1,467.97±1.42c | 1,431.70±2.24d |
| Valine | 7,107.84±24.84a | 6,446.39±5.23b | 821.66±22.30e | 1,468.84±0.59c | 1,259.54±15.59d |
| Methionine | 1,332.33±54.93a | 1,122.93±42.06b | 26.05±1.13d | 33.10±2.45c | 26.58±1.02d |
| Tryptophan | 1,762.58±12.34a | 1,025.70±7.33b | 506.24±4.83c | 496.24±8.23c | 426.16±4.38d |
| Phenylalanine | 3,434.17±34.82a | 3,217.52±1.60b | 189.37±4.80e | 394.50±4.78c | 289.46±6.62d |
| Isoleucine | 4,897.19±19.90a | 4,396.69±51.51b | 326.00±10.52e | 619.32±3.29c | 449.75±8.46d |
| Leucine | 7,754.12±36.43a | 6,841.97±11.96b | 322.80±15.30e | 632.40±12.91c | 392.04±3.79d |
| Lysine | 7,262.11±5.74a | 6,336.11±55.12b | 262.09±0.92e | 621.09±0.40c | 485.00±1.03d |
| Proline | 9,257.91±154.34b | 12,035.52±247.18a | 3,573.95±60.56e | 8,357.32±105.63c | 6,202.32±65.85d |
| Total amino acids | 9,734.47±41.08a | 9,414.96±3.35b | 1,123.75±22.61e | 2,338.11±40.77c | 1,705.25±4.08d |
Data are expressed as the mean±SD (n=3).
Different superscript letters within rows represent significant differences at p<0.05.
F, freezing; S, sonication; B, blanching; BI, blanched and further treated with mid-infrared irradiation; R, roasting; NA, not applicable.