Table 2. Biochemical analysis of serum from DON-contaminated piglets

Blood parameters	Interval	Control 0 mg/kg	T1 1 mg/kg	T2 3 mg/kg	T3 10 mg/kg	p-value
Blood parameters	Interval	Control 0 mg/kg	T1 1 mg/kg	T2 3 mg/kg	T3 10 mg/kg	Day	DON	Day×DON
Glucose (mg/dL)	1 d	113.33±14.26	118.33±0.88	120.00±4.58	124.67±5.46	<0.001	0.44	0.47
	5 d	100.67±1.76	103.00±4.73	92.33±4.63	108.33±1.45
	28 d	108.67±6.33	94.33±1.33	92.33±7.86	101.33±4.37
Creatinine (mg/dL)	1	0.87±0.03	0.73±0.03	0.83±0.09	0.70±0.06	0.08	0.1	0.1
	5	0.77±0.09	0.70±0.06	0.80±0.06	0.73±0.03
	28	0.80±0.06	0.70±0.06	0.80±0.06	1.03±0.09
Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL)	1	4.33±0.33	3.67±0.33	3.67±0.33	4.00±0.00	<0.001	0.15	0.75
	5	3.67±0.33	3.33±0.33	4.00±0.00	4.33±0.33
	28	5.67±1.20	5.00±1.00	4.33±0.58	6.67±0.33
BUN/CREA ratio	1	7.00±2.52	5.33±0.67	4.67±0.88	6.00±0.58	0.24	0.62	0.94
	5	5.00±1.00	5.00±1.00	5.00±0.58	6.00±0.00
	28	7.33±1.86	7.67±2.33	5.33±0.88	6.67±0.88
Phosphate (mg/dL)	1	8.97±0.38^c	11.00±0.23^ab	10.40±0.15^b	10.00±0.21^b	<0.001	0.16	0.002
	5	11.00±0.21^b	12.33±0.41^a	11.23±0.72^b	10.57±0.69^ab
	28	11.10±0.15^b	9.83±0.27^b	11.23±0.31^b	11.00±0.23^ab
Calcium (mg/dL)	1	8.97±0.30	11.00±0.26	10.40±0.18	10.00±0.12	0.002	0.45	0.11
	5	11.00±0.12	12.33±0.31	11.23±0.10	10.57±0.10
	28	11.10±0.18	9.83±0.10	11.23±0.21	11.00±0.07
Total protein (g/dL)	1	5.33±0.07	5.70±0.10	5.40±0.18	5.97±0.15	<0.001	0.17	0.31
	5	5.97±0.27	6.40±0.15	6.27±0.10	6.60±0.10
	28	6.80±0.60	6.00±0.15	6.27±0.21	6.63±0.35
Albumin globulin (g/dL)	1	2.37±0.07	2.90±0.10	2.63±0.12	2.80±0.06	0.01	0.56	0.16
	5	2.80±0.21	3.13±0.18	3.03±0.18	3.03±0.12
	28	3.37±0.47	2.93±0.15	3.00±0.12	3.10±0.15
Globulin (g/dL)	1	2.97±0.13	2.80±0.10	2.77±0.18	3.17±0.19	0.003	0.05	0.87
	5	3.17±0.07	3.27±0.18	3.23±0.12	3.57±0.13
	28	3.43±0.15	3.07±0.15	3.27±0.12	3.53±0.34
ALB/GLOB ratio	1	0.77±0.07	1.00±0.06	0.97±0.03	0.87±0.07	0.94	0.29	0.21
	5	0.90±0.06	0.97±0.07	0.93±0.03	0.87±0.07
	28	1.00±0.10	0.93±0.07	0.90±0.03	0.87±0.09
Alanine aminotransferase (U/L)	1	109.33±16.59	84.33±6.84	92.00±6.03	70.00±8.08	<0.001	0.03	0.69
	5	119.00±5.51	103.00±5.13	128.33±11.84	101.00±1.53
	28	148.67±18.49	109.00±9.17	144.00±21.80	135.67±24.83
Alkalinephosphatase (U/L)	1	264.33±23.10	236.00±22.07	330.33±21.71	273.67±25.12	0.006	0.004	0.28
	5	285.00±19.09	350.00±24.42	404.67±17.90	333.33±8.17
	28	293.67±5.84	269.00±16.62	358.00±63.32	363.67±25.44
Gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (U/L)	1	20.00±1.73	14.00±1.15	19.67±4.48	21.33±3.84	<0.001	0.1	0.52
	5	16.00±4.36	19.00±1.00	23.33±1.45	21.67±5.61
	28	23.67±1.20	30.00±2.65	25.00±2.08	33.00±1.15
Total bilirubin (mg/dL)	1	0.10±0.00	0.13±0.03	0.10±0.00	0.23±0.03	0.03	0.44	0.11
	5	0.17±0.03	0.30±0.10	0.37±0.22	0.33±0.19
	28	1.20±0.62	0.30±0.06	0.40±0.07	0.33±0.09
Cholesterol (mg/dL)	1	72.67±5.55	86.33±7.42	85.00±5.77	75.00±3.21	0.004	0.06	0.51
	5	88.00±5.51	97.67±6.64	102.33±7.31	98.33±11.86
	28	82.00±2.08	90.67±5.46	101.67±12.57	110.33±7.31
Amylase (U/L)	1	853.33±70.74	601.33±176.73	685.33±49.33	622.67±100.40	0.56	0.17	0.81
	5	774.33±45.11	729.00±184.60	1051.00±147.29	636.33±163.05
	28	792.00±14.18	662.67±204.32	878.33±177.00	653.33±157.75
Lipase (U/L)	1	17.67±4.26	23.67±6.94	30.33±10.17	25.67±11.46	0.07	0.71	0.87
	5	47.67±20.63	52.33±15.17	98.00±9.54	80.00±46.87
	28	39.00±11.79	78.33±61.34	76.00±24.68	49.00±25.32

Values are mean±SEM; n=12.
All characteristics in the table were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison test.
Normal range value: GLU (85–160), CREA (0.5–2.1), BUN (6–30), PHOS (3.6–9.2), CA (6.5–11.4), TP (6.0–8.0), ALB (1.8–3.3), GLOB (2.5–4.5), ALT (9–43), ALKP (92–294), GGT (16–30), TBIL (0.1–0.3), CHOL (18–79), AMYL (271–1,198), LIPA (10–44).
DON, deoxynivalenol; GLU, glucose; CREA, creatinine; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; PHOS, phosphate; CA, calcium; TP, total protein (TP=ALB+GLOB); ALB, albumin globulin; GLOB, globulin; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; ALKP, alkaline phosphatase; GGT, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase; TBIL, total bilirubin; CHOL, cholesterol; AMYL, amylase; LIPA, lipase.