Table 2. Physicochemical properties of broiler and Korean native chicken with various freezing and thawing conditions

Traits/breeds	Fresh	SF-RT	SF-AT	SF-WT	SF-MT	QF-RT	QF-AT	QF-WT	QF-MT
Drip loss (%)
Broiler	ND	7.03 ±0.98^abA	7.67 ±0.87^aA	5.58 ±0.61^bc	8.05 ±1.35^aA	3.59 ±0.17^dA	3.13 ±0.62^dB	2.52 ±0.36^dAB	4.07 ±0.52^cd
WRMD1	ND	4.97 ±0.78^abB	5.89 ±1.11^aB	5.11 ±0.66^ab	5.88 ±0.77^aB	2.40 ±0.40^dB	4.33 ±0.79^bA	2.82 ±0.29^cdA	4.03 ±0.37^bc
WRMD2	ND	4.72 ±0.85^bcB	7.54 ±1.08^aAB	5.28 ±0.58^b	7.23 ±0.70^aAB	1.60 ±0.16^fC	2.97 ±0.22^deB	2.26 ±0.1^efB	4.00 ±0.54^cd
Cooking loss (%)
Broiler	21.51 ±0.36^cB	23.84 ±0.58^abcB	25.36 ±0.98^abA	24.22 ±1.26^abAB	21.69 ±1.69^cB	25.80 ±1.01^ab	25.09 ±0.80^abAB	26.14 ±1.17^aA	23.77 ±1.58^bc
WRMD1	24.78 ±1.51^abA	25.69 ±0.68^abA	25.68 ±0.29^abA	25.51 ±1.10^abA	24.16 ±0.62^bA	26.17 ±0.56^a	26.49 ±1.26^aA	25.59 ±0.59^abAB	24.74 ±1.03^ab
WRMD2	22.01 ±0.32^cdB	22.77 ±0.52^bcC	23.73 ±0.58^acB	23.24 ±0.71^bcB	20.18 ±1.35^dB	25.28 ±0.73^a	24.34 ±0.58^abB	24.75 ±0.15^abB	24.27 ±2.08^ab
pH
Broiler	5.92 ±0.07^A	5.88 ±0.11^A	5.97 ±0.19^B	5.97 ±0.17^A	6.01 ±0.10^A	5.92 ±0.08^A	5.83 ±0.14^A	5.93 ±0.03^A	5.92 ±0.09^A
WRMD1	5.59 ±0.13^abB	5.69 ±0.10^aB	5.62 ±0.12^abB	5.62 ±0.08^abB	5.65 ±0.06^abB	5.50 ±0.05^abB	5.48 ±0.08^bB	5.53 ±0.05^abC	5.54 ±0.08^abB
WRMD2	5.85 ±0.02^abcA	5.92 ±0.04^abA	5.82 ±0.06^cAB	5.81 ±0.05^cA	5.94 ±0.05^aA	5.83 ±0.04^bcA	5.87 ±0.03^abcA	5.82 ±0.03^cB	5.86 ±0.06^abcA
WHC (%)
Broiler	61.57 ±3.62	58.48 ±4.86	58.40 ±7.46	58.27 ±8.96	57.34 ±5.01	58.06 ±2.93^A	57.97 ±10.26	56.89 ±2.11	56.08 ±2.31
WRMD1	55.02 ±8.29	54.25 ±1.67	56.24 ±2.76	54.48 ±3.22	55.30 ±2.33	57.47 ±3.68^A	55.02 ±3.86	54.75 ±3.41	57.33 ±3.81
WRMD2	54.30 ±1.90	55.58 ±3.21	56.31 ±8.71	55.83 ±1.42	54.16 ±3.41	52.75 ±0.72^B	51.59 ±3.42	52.78 ±2.01	52.77 ±2.17
Shear force (N)
Broiler	19.32 ±3.07^A	17.24 ±2.05^B	19.20 ±1.33^B	18.80 ±1.01^B	19.40 ±1.35^AB	16.61 ±1.73^AB	17.29 ±1.60^B	16.09 ±2.40^B	18.75 ±3.33^AB
WRMD1	22.75 ±1.89^A	22.19 ±1.49^A	26.66 ±1.79^A	22.08 ±1.46^A	22.60 ±3.61^A	20.30 ±2.45^A	20.71 ±0.78^A	21.29 ±2.93^A	21.55 ±2.69^A
WRMD2	13.88 ±1.76^B	14.52 ±3.23^B	16.57 ±1.41^B	14.77 ±1.61^C	16.72 ±0.84^B	14.73 ±3.40^B	14.98 ±1.00^C	14.41 ±1.12^B	15.57 ±1.92^B

Means in the same column with different superscript letters differ significantly (p<0.05).
Means within the same row with different superscript letters differ significantly (p<0.05).
SF, slow frozen; RT, refrigerator thawing; AT, ambient temperature thawing; WT, water thawing; MT, microwave thawing; QF, quick frozen; ND, not detected; WRMD1, Woorimadtag No. 1; WRMD2, Woorimadtag No. 2; WHC, water-holding capacity.