| Chicken (chicken breast) | Normal pressure plasma (10 s, 30 s, 1 min, 2 min, 3 min)Gap: 1.0–1.5 cmVoltage: 6.0–11.0 kVFrequency: 23.0 to 38.5 kHzHe: 5.0 L/minO2: 50, 100 mL/min | - The thicker and rougher the surface of the sample, the less effective the plasma treatment.- The sterilization of L. innocua on skinless chicken breast has been reported with a gap of 1 cm, voltage of 8–11 kV, frequency of 30–38.5 kHz, and O2 flow rate of 0–25 mL/min for 4 min.- The sterilization of L. innocua on chicken breast with skin has been reported with a gap of 1 cm, voltage of 7 kV, frequency of 38.5 kHz for 3 min, and with a gap of 1 cm, voltage of 8 kV, frequency of 38.5 kHz for 30 s.- Voltages above 9 kV caused overheating of the transformer, and stable operation was achieved at a frequency of 23 kHz. | Noriega et al. (2011) |
| Total microorganisms (TSA, 30°C, 24 h)Listeria innocua (TSB, 30°C, 48 h) |
| Chicken/pork (chicken breast/ pork belly) | Plasma-activated water (PAW) (immersion, 25.5°C, 15 min)Voltage: 125 W, 15 kVFrequency: 50 Hz60 ppm H2O2, 500 mL | - Treatment of pork and chicken with hydrogen peroxide PAW resulted in a greater reduction of C. jejuni compared to other microorganisms.- Hydrogen peroxide PAW treatment on the surface of pork resulted in an increase in pH, CIE L*, temperature, and water activity, and a decrease in CIE a* and CIE b*.- Hydrogen peroxide PAW treatment on the surface of chicken resulted in an increase in pH and CIE a*, and a decrease in CIE L*, CIE b*, and temperature. | Sammanee et al. (2022) |
| Salmonella typhimurium (XLD, 37°C, 24 h)Campylobacter jejuni (mCCD, 41.5°C, 48 h)Escherichia coli (ECD, 44°C, 24 h)Staphylococcus aureus (BPA, 37°C, 48 h)Pseudomonas aeruginosa (GSP, 30°C, 48 h) |
| Storage conditions0, 3, 7, 10 days4°C to 6°C |
| Pigs (sirloin) | Vacuum plasma (5, 10 min)Frequency: 20–100 kHz | - When treated with helium gas and plasma, total microorganisms, psychrophilic bacteria, yeasts, and molds were detected at 2.49, 2.56, and 1.35 Log CFU/cm2, respectively.- When treated with argon gas and plasma, total microorganisms, psychrophilic bacteria, yeasts, and molds were detected at 3.13, 3.13, and 1.86 Log CFU/cm2, respectively.- When treated with nitrogen gas and plasma, total microorganisms, psychrophilic bacteria, yeasts, and molds were detected at 5.02, 5.09, and 3.37 Log CFU/cm2, respectively.- pH showed no significant effect when treated with vacuum plasma. | Ulbin-Figlewicz et al. (2015) |
| Total microorganisms (PCA, 30°C, 72 h)Total yeast and mold (SDAC, 25°C, 5 day) |
| Beef (10 g) | PAW (1 mL spray, 0, 5, 10, 20, 30 min)Voltage: 10 kVFrequency: 8 kHz40 mL deionized water | - A 5 min treatment with PAW resulted in a pH decrease of 3.7 compared to the control.- Longer treatment with PAW led to an increase in volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS).- PAW treatment resulted in a decrease in CIE a* after 4 days of storage. | Zhao et al. (2018) |
| Total microorganisms (PCA, 37°C)Total bacteria (PCA, 27°C) |
| Storage conditions6, 12, 24, 48, 96, 192 h, 4°C |
| Mackerel (fillet) | PAW (immersion, 25°C, 10 min)Voltage: 550 WFrequency: 25 kHz200 ppm CH3COOH 30 mL | - A 10 min treatment with plasma-activated peracetic acid (PA-PAA) resulted in a 3.8 Log CFU/g reduction in total microorganisms.- PA-PAA treatment had no significant effect on color and TBARS. | Zhao et al. (2021) |
| Total microorganisms (30°C, 48 h/6.5°C, 10 day)E. coli (MacConkey, 37°C, 24 h)L. innocua (Oxford, 37°C, 24 h)Pseudomonas fluorescens (CFN, 30°C, 24 h) |