Table 6. Concentration (μg/g) of aroma volatile compounds in longissimus lumborum muscle by cattle breeds

Items	Retention time (min)	Cattle breed
		Chikso	BHW	JBC	Hanwoo
Aldehydes
2-Methyl pentanal	1.611	0.03±0.002	0.02±0.008	0.01±0.006	0.03±0.002
2-Methyl propanal	1.860	0.01±0.009	0.004±0.000	0.004±0.000	0.008±0.000
Butanal	1.994	ND	0.001±0.000	ND	0.002±0.000
Butanal, 3-methyl-	2.435	0.02±0.005	0.008±0.000	0.005±0.000	0.029±0.003
Butanal, 2-methyl-	2.610	0.027±0.002a	0.008±0.000bc	0.002±0.000c	0.032±0.000ab
Petanal	3.036	0.172±0.06ab	0.104±0.005b	0.021±0.008b	0.324±0.024a
Hexanal	5.654	2.071±0.253ab	1.541±0.272bc	0.231±0.096c	3.104±0.154a
E,2-Hexanal	7.388	0.002±0.000	0.001±0.000	0.001±0.000	0.006±0.000
Heptanal	8.808	0.038±0.004b	0.136±0.008b	0.071±0.009b	0.478±0.094a
E,2-Heptenal	10.291	0.002±0.000	0.003±0.000	0.002±0.002	0.025±0.005
Benzaldehyde	10.375	0.024±0.002	0.031±0.005	0.022±0.006	0.027±0.001
E,E-2,4-Decadienal	11.136	0.010±0.008bc	0.032±0.003a	0.003±0.000c	0.028±0.002ab
Octanal	11.448	0.166±0.033	ND	ND	0.242±0.093
Benzeneacetaldehyde	12.405	0.002±0.001	0.002±0.002	0.002±0.001	0.004±0.003
E,2-Octenal	12.728	0.002±0.000b	0.005±0.000b	0.003±0.000b	0.012±0.000a
Nonanal	13.712	0.021±0.001b	0.042±0.001b	0.082±0.005b	0.187±0.013a
E,2-Nonenal	14.834	0.015±0.007ab	0.004±0.000b	0.006±0.000ab	0.021±0.004a
Decanal	15.720	0.002±0.000b	0.001±0.000b	0.002±0.000b	0.009±0.000a
E,E,2,4-Nonadienal	15.872	0.001±0.000	0.001±0.002	0.001±0.000	0.002±0.000
E,2-Dodecenal	16.757	0.001±0.000b	0.001±0.000b	0.003±0.000b	0.020±0.005a
Undecenal	17.547	0.001±0.000	0.002±0.000	0.001±0.000	0.004±0.001
2-Undecenal	18.527	0.002±0.000	0.002±0.000	0.003±0.000	0.013±0.003
Pentadecanal	19.255	ND	0.001±0.000	0.001±0.000	0.001±0.000
∑ Aldehydes content		2.532±1.738b	1.931±1.153bc	0.473±0.320c	4.497±2.732a
Alcohols
3-Methyl-2-butanol	3.772	0.005±0.000	ND	ND	0.047±0.001
1-Pentanol	4.601	0.093±0.001ab	0.038±0.002b	0.009±0.000b	0.183±0.064a
1-Hexanol	7.905	0.008±0.007b	0.012±0.009b	0.005±0.000b	0.052±0.002a
1-Heptanol	10.668	0.006±0.000b	0.007±0.000b	0.008±0.000b	0.051±0.003a
1-Octen-3-ol	10.892	0.014±0.001ab	0.023±0.008a	0.006±0.000b	0.022±0.002a
1-Octanol	12.999	0.003±0.000b	0.003±0.000	0.007±0.000b	0.033±0.003a
1-Nonanol	15.056	ND	ND	ND	0.008±0.000
∑ Alcohols content		0.119±0.084b	0.084±0.004b	0.034±0.009b	0.357±0.050a
2,3-Butanedione	1.94	0.047±0.009	0.002±0.000	0.001±0.000	0.034±0.001
2-Butanone	2.0275	0.059±0.007a	0.012±0.005b	0.010±0.003b	0.040±0.006ab
2-Pentanone	2.839	0.001±0.000b	0.001±0.000b	0.001±0.000b	0.006±0.001a
3-Heptanone	8.392	0.007±0.000	0.010±0.002	0.001±0.000	0.002±0.000
2-Heptanone	8.507	0.014±0.003b	0.029±0.007ab	0.004±0.000b	0.018±0.003a
2-Nonanone	13.455	ND	ND	ND	0.003±0.000
∑ Ketones		0.097±0.000a	0.028±0.007b	0.015±0.005b	0.086±0.007a
Sulfur and nitrogen compounds
Carbon disulfide	1.754	0.013±0.005	0.004±0.000	0.022±0.009	0.009±0.000
Dimethyl disulfide	3.956	ND	0.001±0.000	ND	ND
Methyl pyrazine	6.377	0.047±0.002	0.002±0.000	0.001±0.000	0.004±0.000
Methional	8.913	0.006±0.001	0.007±0.001	ND	ND
2,5-Dimethylpyrazine	9.158	0.012±0.000	0.006±0.001	0.005±0.000	0.014±0.006
2,3-Dimethyl pyrazine	9.238	0.018±0.024	0.012±0.018	0.002±0.001	0.005±0.000
Dimethyl trisulfide	10.570	0.001±0.000	0.002±0.000	0.003±0.000	0.002±0.000
2-Ethyl-6-methylpyrazine	11.357	0.001±0.000	0.002±0.000	0.001±0.000	0.003±0.000
3-Ethyl-2,5-dimethylpyrazine	13.187	0.015±0.007a	0.003±0.000b	0.002±0.000b	0.006±0.000b
2,5-Dimethyl-3-methylbutylpyrazine	17.717	ND	0.003±0.002	0.002±0.003	0.002±0.000
∑ Sulfur and nitrogen compounds		0.065±0.006	0.026±0.001	0.033±0.003	0.032±0.006
Hydrocarbons
Ethyl acetate	2.145	0.006±0.001	0.008±0.002	0.008±0.004	0.012±0.009
Toluene	4.546	0.002±0.000b	0.001±0.000b	0.001±0.000b	0.004±0.002a
1,3-Dimethylbenzene	7.815	0.007±0.004ab	0.013±0.008a	0.002±0.000b	0.013±0.003a
2,4,6-Dimethyldecane	11.368	ND	0.001±0.000	0.001±0.000	0.008±0.000
2,6,6-Trimethylheptane	12.517	0.002±0.000	0.002±0.000	0.001±0.000	0.001±0.000
∑Hydrocarbons content		0.010±0.009	0.019±0.002	0.011±0.003	0.020±0.004

Means in a same row with different superscripts differ significantly (p<0.05).
BHW, black Hanwoo; JBC, Jeju black cattle; ND, not detectable.