Table 2. Proximate compositions of Tteokgalbi prepared with different levels of Cissus powder

Proximate composition (%)	Treatment¹⁾
Proximate composition (%)	NC	PC	C1	C2	C3
Moisture	69.03±0.30^a	68.00±0.42^b	67.22±0.39^b	66.01±0.30^c	65.73±0.48^c
Crude protein	17.52±0.64^ab	17.40±0.10^ab	17.86±0.69^a	17.01±0.48^ab	16.43±0.36^b
Crude fat	5.53±0.35	5.67±0.35	5.40±0.14	5.37±0.12	5.30±0.31
Crude ash	2.17±0.57	2.22±0.29	2.65±0.12	2.73±0.02	2.79±0.11
Carbohydrate	5.74±0.16^c	6.71±0.34^bc	6.86±0.72^bc	8.15±0.18^b	9.74±0.92^a

Values are expressed as means±SD (n=3).
NC, Tteokgalbi without Cissus quadrangularis powder (C); PC, Tteokgalbi treated with 0.10% ascorbic acid as a positive reference; C1, Tteokgalbi treated with 1.00% C; C2, Tteokgalbi treated with 2.00% C; C3, Tteokgalbi treated with 4.00% C.
Values with different superscript within the same row differ significantly by Tukey’s multiple range test (p<0.05).