Table 2. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of propionic acid, calcium propionate, sodium propionate, benzoic acid, sodium benzoate, sorbic acid, and potassium sorbate in broth media at pH 7.0

Microorganism	MIC (ppm)1)
	Propionic acid	Benzoic acid	Sorbic acid	Calcium propionate	Sodium propionate	Sodium benzoate	Potassium sorbate
Acetobacter aceti	1,600	3,000	2,000	>51,200	51,200	25,600	25,600
Acetobacter pasteurianus	1,600	1,500	2,000	>51,200	51,200	25,600	25,600
Acinetobacter calcoaceticus	800	1,500	1,000	1,744	5,338	5,968	6,651
Aeromonas salmonicida	800	1,500	1,000	6,400	6,400	3,200	1,600
Alcaligenes faecalis	800	1,500	2,000	6,978	42,704	2,984	6,651
Alcaligenes xylosoxidans ssp. xylosoxidans	1,600	1,500	2,000	6,978	51,200	11,935	13,302
Bacillus cereus	1,600	3,000	2,000	>51,200	85,407	23,870	26,605
Campylobacter coli	800	750	250	1,744	2,669	746	104
Campylobacter jejuni	800	375	250	1,744	3,200	800	104
Carnobacterium maltaromaticum	1,600	3,000	>2,000	6,400	>51,200	12,800	25,600
Clostridium perfringens	1,600	1,500	1,000	>55,822	42,704	5,968	13,302
Enterobacter aerogenes	1,600	1,500	2,000	6,978	21,352	11,935	13,302
Enterobacter amnigenus	1,600	1,500	2,000	1,744	21,352	5,968	6,651
Enterobacter cloacae	1,600	3,000	2,000	13,956	85,407	11,935	13,302
Enterococcus casseliflavus	1,600	3,000	2,000	>51,200	85,407	47,741	53,210
Enterococcus faecium	1,600	3,000	2,000	>51,200	>51,200	51,200	51,200
Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora	400	750	1,000	1,600	400	3,200	1,600
Escherichia coli	1,600	1,500	2,000	13,956	85,407	11,935	13,302
Enterohemorrhagic E. coli	1,600	1,500	2,000	13,956	42,704	11,935	13,302
Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis	3,200	>3,000	2,000	6,400	51,200	3,200	6,400
Listeria monocytogenes	1,600	1,500	2,000	>55,822	21,352	5,968	6,651
Micrococcus luteus	800	750	1,000	12,800	>51,200	1,600	25,600
Moraxella catarrhalis	400	750	500	6,400	800	1,600	800
Proteus mirabilis	1,600	3,000	2,000	27,911	85,407	23,870	26,605
Proteus vulgaris	1,600	1,500	2,000	>55,822	42,704	23,870	26,605
Pseudomonas fluorescens	1,600	1,500	2,000	12,800	12,800	5,968	6,651
Pseudomonas putida	1,600	1,500	1,000	436	2,669	5,968	6,651
Salmonella Enteritidis	1,600	1,500	2,000	6,978	42,704	11,935	13,302
Salmonella Typhimurium	1,600	1,500	2,000	6,978	42,704	11,935	6,651
Serratia liquefaciens	1,600	1,500	2,000	218	667	2,984	6,651
Serratia marcescens	1,600	1,500	2,000	3,489	21,352	11,935	13,302
Staphylococcus aureus	1,600	1,500	2,000	3,489	42,704	23,870	53,210
Streptococcus pyogenes	1,600	3,000	2,000	>51,200	51,200	12,800	25,600
Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus	6,400	1,500	>2,000	25,600	>51,200	25,600	6,400
Vibrio parahaemolyticus	1,600	1,500	2,000	3,489	51,200	11,935	13,302
Yersinia enterocolitica	1,600	1,500	2,000	>51,200	10,676	5,968	6,651
Brettanomyces bruxellensis	6,400	1,500	1,000	>51,200	25,600	3,200	6,400
Candida zeylanoides	1,600	1,500	2,000	>51,200	>51,200	51,200	25,600
Debaryomyces hansenii	1,600	1,500	2,000	>51,200	>51,200	51,200	51,200
Meyerozyma guilliermondii	1,600	1,500	2,000	51,200	>51,200	51,200	25,600
Ogataea polymorpha	1,600	1,500	1,000	>51,200	6,400	12,800	12,800
Saccharomyces cerevisiae	3,200	1,500	1,000	>51,200	25,600	25,600	12,800
Yarrowia lipolytica (Candida lipolytica)	3,200	3,000	2,000	>51,200	>51,200	>51,200	25,600
Zygosaccharomyces bailii	800	1,500	1,000	>51,200	25,600	12,800	12,800
Zygosaccharomyces rouxii	1,600	1,500	2,000	>51,200	12,800	6,400	25,600
Alternaria alternata	3,200	1,500	2,000	>51,200	51,200	25,600	25,600
Aspergillus flavus	1,600	1,500	2,000	>51,200	51,200	25,600	51,200
Aspergillus versicolor	1,600	1,500	1,000	>51,200	51,200	51,200	12,800
Aspergillus niger	800	1,500	2,000	51,200	>51,200	25,600	51,200
Aspergillus oryzae	800	1,500	1,000	51,200	51,200	25,600	25,600
Cladosporium cladosporioides	1,600	1,500	1,000	>51,200	51,200	25,600	12,800
Cladosporium sphaerospermum	1,600	1,500	1,000	51,200	51,200	25,600	12,800
Geotrichum capitatum	1,600	1,500	2,000	51,200	51,200	51,200	51,200
Mucor plumbeus	1,600	1,500	2,000	>51,200	>51,200	51,200	51,200
Penicillium roquefortii	800	1,500	2,000	51,200	25,600	25,600	51,200
Rhizopus oryzae	1,600	1,500	2,000	51,200	51,200	25,600	12,800

Value was obtained from three independent experiments which showed identical results.