Table 4. The results of the meta-analysis of the antimicrobial activity parameters of propolis extract microbial test and TBARs value for their application to livestock products

No Parameter N SMD/d+ (RE 95% Cl) p-value I2 p-value Kendall’s τ p-value
1 Antimicrobial activity 182 4.05 (2.96, 5.13) <0.05 95.32% <0.05 0.025 0.862
2 Microbial test 188 −1.20 (−1.69, −0.72) <0.05 84.10% <0.05 −0.179 0.138
3 TBARs 132 −1.62 (−2.27, −0.98) <0.05 99.32% <0.05 0.048 0.781
TBARs, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; N, sample size; SMD/d+ (RE 95% Cl), standardized mean difference (true effect size) by random effect model with 95% of confident interval; I2, Inconsistency (percentage).