Table 4. Concentration of identified metabolites in 1+ grade longissimus thoracis muscles from Hanwoo cows and steers

Item (mmol/kg meat) Steer Cow
AMP 0.94±0.07 0.98±0.06
Acetate 0.38±0.03b 0.54±0.03a
Alanine 2.87±0.16 2.79±0.13
Betaine 1.49±0.22 1.40±0.06
Carnosine 7.45±0.54 8.33±0.73
Choline 1.03±0.20 0.90±0.11
Creatine 23.73±0.76b 26.32±0.65a
Creatinine 0.84±0.10b 1.11±0.05a
Fumarate 0.29±0.06 0.24±0.03
Glucose 6.24±0.11 6.89±0.15
Glutamine 3.39±0.61 2.80±0.38
Glutathione 0.51±0.04 0.42±0.03
Glycerol 4.53±0.40 4.31±0.22
Glycine 1.22±0.04b 1.39±0.05a
Inosine 0.62±0.03b 0.75±0.02a
Isoleucine 0.64±0.12 0.87±0.14
Lactate 32.14±2.01 26.89±1.37
Leucine 0.99±0.19 1.04±0.10
Methionine 0.79±0.03 0.87±0.03
N,N-Dimethylglycine 0.08±0.01 0.08±0.00
N-Nitrosodimethylamine 0.41±0.03 0.37±0.01
O-Acetylcarnitine 0.61±0.06 0.65±0.06
Taurine 2.65±0.28 2.61±0.14
Trimethylamine N-oxide 3.79±0.33b 4.95±0.32a
Tyrosine 0.27±0.02b 0.34±0.03a
Valine 0.63±0.04 0.70±0.08
sn-Glycero-3-phosphocholine 1.49±0.26 1.44±0.03
Means within a same row with different superscripts differ significantly p<0.05.