Table 6. Quality characteristics of quail eggs in the control and treatment groups
Weeks | Groups |
C0 | RC20 | RC40 | OC20 | OC40 | MC20 | MC40 | p-values | |
Egg shell thickness (mm) |
13 | 0.19±0.0d | 0.20±0.0dc | 0.20±0.0dc | 0.21±0.0abc | 0.22±0.0a | 0.21±0.0ab | 0.20±0.0dc | 0.0001 | ** |
19 | 0.21±0.0 | 0.21±0.0 | 0.21±0.0 | 0.21±0.0 | 0.21±0.0 | 0.22±0.0 | 0.22±0.0 | 0.451 | NS |
Egg shell weight (g) |
13 | 1.30±0.0a | 1.25±0.0ab | 1.18±0.0b | 1.23±0.0ab | 1.27±0.0a | 1.22±0.0ab | 1.18±0.0b | 0.036 | * |
19 | 1.10±0.0 | 1.13±0.0 | 1.17±0.0 | 1.11±0.0 | 1.12±0.0 | 1.10±0.0 | 1.10±0.0 | 0.622 | NS |
Shape index (%) |
13 | 77.0±0.8 | 77.4±1.2 | 77.2±0.8 | 75.1±0.8 | 75.2±1.2 | 76.5±1.3 | 77.4±0.9 | 0.469 | NS |
19 | 80.5±2.0a | 77.9±0.8ab | 75.6±0.6b | 75.3±0.9b | 76.5±0.6b | 77.3±0.6b | 76.9±0.5b | 0.007 | ** |
Yolk weight (g) |
13 | 4.17±0.12 | 4.17±0.09 | 4.15±0.09 | 4.24±0.09 | 4.39±0.08 | 4.36±0.12 | 4.36±0.13 | 0.519 | NS |
19 | 3.91±0.12 | 4.24±0.09 | 4.49±0.11 | 4.12±0.14 | 4.13±0.08 | 4.24±0.14 | 4.31±0.12 | 0.058 | NS |
Yolk (%) |
13 | 31.3±0.5b | 32.0±0.6b | 32.7±0.5ab | 31.9±0.4b | 31.9±0.4b | 32.9±0.6ab | 33.8±0.7a | 0.026 | * |
19 | 32.1±0.5c | 32.9±0.5bc | 33.5±0.4abc | 32.9±0.6bc | 32.7±0.4c | 34.3±0.5ab | 34.5±0.5a | 0.005 | ** |
Yolk diameter (mm) |
13 | 26.7±0.3c | 27.1±0.3bc | 27.1±0.3bc | 27.7±0.3abc | 28.1±0.3a | 27.9±0.3ab | 27.3±0.4abc | 0.021 | * |
19 | 26.9±0.3c | 27.6±0.3bc | 28.6±0.3ab | 28.1±0.4ab | 28.8±0.3a | 28.6±0.4ab | 28.9±0.4a | 0.0002 | ** |
Albumen index (%) |
13 | 10.65±0.5 | 11.32±0.5 | 11.15±0.5 | 10.07±0.5 | 10.27±0.5 | 9.92±0.3 | 10.44±0.3 | 0.214 | NS |
19 | 9.68±0.3ab | 9.52±0.4ab | 8.44±0.5bc | 9.35±0.4ab | 9.94±0.4a | 8.46±0.4bc | 8.04±0.4c | 0.006 | ** |
Yolk index (%) |
13 | 43.18±0.7 | 43.21±0.7 | 43.80±0.7 | 42.11±0.4 | 42.70±1.0 | 41.74±0.7 | 44.17±0.7 | 0.151 | NS |
19 | 41.49±0.7a | 40.81±0.6a | 38.65±0.8bc | 40.28±0.6ab | 36.75±0.5dc | 36.65±0.7dc | 36.44±0.8d | 0.0001 | ** |
Haugh unit |
13 | 88.08±1.0 | 90.59±1.2 | 90.12±1.0 | 88.55±1.0 | 89.04±1.3 | 88.26±0.7 | 88.86±0.6 | 0.466 | NS |
19 | 87.42±0.7a | 87.17±0.7ab | 84.27±1.2c | 87.10±0.9ab | 88.74±0.7a | 84.54±1.0bc | 83.58±0.9c | 0.0003 | ** |
Yolk color |
13 | 9.38±0.4abc | 9.28±0.3bc | 10.47±0.3a | 9.60±0.4abc | 10.00±0.4ab | 8.87±0.4bc | 8.60±0.4c | 0.011 | * |
19 | 8.73±0.5 | 9.60±0.4 | 8.93±0.5 | 9.27±0.4 | 8.87±0.2 | 9.20±0.5 | 8.40±0.4 | 0.509 | NS |
Means with different superscripts in the same row are significantly different.
p<0.05,
p<0.01.
C0, control; RC20, raw chickpea 20%; RC40, raw chickpea 40%; OC20, autoclaved chickpea 20%; OC40, autoclaved chickpea 40%; MC20, microwaved chickpea 20%; MC40, microwaved chickpea 40%; NS, not significant.