Table 1 Effects of foot-and-mouth disease vaccination location and injection device¹⁾ on the incidence of injection site lesions in pork and associated economic losses

Variables	N-Neck	N-Ham	Non-Neck
Gross lesions, n (%)	19/71 (26.8)^a	7/70 (10.0)^b	35/135 (25.9)^a
Severe abscess	7/71 (9.9)^a	1/70 (1.4)^b	15/135 (11.1)^a
Discoloration of meat and granuloma	12/71 (16.9)^a	6/70 (8.6)^b	20/135 (14.8)^a
Economic losses
Condemned meat (total, kg)	10.9	3.3	91.0
Condemned meat (ave., kg)²⁾	0.57±0.05^b	0.47±0.12^b	2.60±0.11^a
Economic losses (total, US Dollars)	32.9	10.0	274.8
Economic losses (ave., US Dollars)²	1.73±0.17^b	1.42±0.28^b	7.90±0.34^a

¹⁾ Vaccine was administered on the left side of the pig, either with a conventional needle-syringe or a needle-free injection device at 56 d of age.
²⁾ Values are mean±SEM.
^a-c Means with different superscript letters in the same row differ significantly (p<0.05).
N-Neck, conventional needle-syringe vaccination into the neck (n=71); N-Ham, conventional needle-syringe vaccination into the ham (n=70); Non-Ham, conventional needle-free jet injection vaccination into the neck (n=135).