Table 3. Effect of different pre-treatment methods on fatty acid profile of hot-air dried Hermetia illucens larvae

Variable	Raw	HD	HB	HR	HS
C_10:0	2.04±0.09^a	0.87±0.01^b	0.82±0.05^b	0.81±0.01^b	0.91±0.02^b
C_12:0	37.27±0.42^a	27.08±0.05^d	27.32±0.12^d	29.20±0.31^b	28.59±0.03^c
C_14:0	5.57±0.01^c	6.60±0.07^b	6.64±0.02^b	6.96±0.01^a	6.62±0.06^b
C_16:0	8.76±0.15^d	16.76±0.01^c	17.35±0.01^b	17.60±0.03^a	16.91±0.05^c
C_18:0	2.12±0.03^c	4.23±0.04^a	4.25±0.09^a	4.28±0.05^a	4.06±0.01^b
C_20:0	0.06±0.01^c	0.12±0.01^a	0.12±0.01^a	0.11±0.01^a	0.09±0.01^b
C_22:0	0.05±0.01^b	0.05±0.01^b	0.07±0.02^a	ND	ND
C_14:1	0.15±0.01^a	0.07±0.01^b	0.10±0.01^b	0.08±0.01^b	0.09±0.03^b
C_16:1	2.97±0.04^d	3.40±0.02^b	3.08±0.09^cd	3.59±0.02^a	3.18±0.01^c
C_18:1	21.52±0.28^d	26.65±0.05^b	26.59±0.05^b	27.83±0.32^a	25.85±0.02^c
C_18:2	16.57±0.08^a	11.32±0.01^b	11.18±0.07^bc	6.44±0.09^d	11.12±0.08^c
C_{18:3 (ω-3)}	1.32±0.01^a	1.14±0.01^c	1.17±0.04^c	1.24±0.02^b	1.14±0.04^c
C_{18:3 (ω-6)}	0.09±0.01^a	0.05±0.01^b	ND	0.05±0.01^b	0.05±0.01^b
C_20:1	0.08±0.01^b	0.17±0.02^a	0.20±0.06^a	0.18±0.01^a	0.16±0.02^a
C_20:2	ND	0.07±0.01^b	0.11±0.02^a	0.09±0.01^ab	0.08±0.01^b
C_{20:3 (ω-6)}	ND	0.03±0.01^b	ND	0.03±0.01^b	0.05±0.01^a
C_20:4	ND	0.03±0.01^b	0.06±0.01^a	0.03±0.01^b	0.06±0.01^a
C_20:5	0.38±0.02^b	0.63±0.04^a	0.60±0.03^a	0.67±0.05^a	0.60±0.01^a
C_22:6	0.04±0.01	0.10±0.01	0.11±0.05	0.10±0.01	0.08±0.03
Unknown	1.09±0.09^a	0.76±0.01^b	0.32±0.01^d	0.76±0.05^b	0.44±0.01^c
∑ SFA	55.83±0.47^c	55.68±0.08^c	56.54±0.18^b	58.95±0.27^a	57.15±0.11^b
∑ MUFA	24.71±0.32^d	30.27±0.05^b	29.95±0.19^b	31.66±0.29^a	29.27±0.03^c
∑ PUFA	18.38±0.11^a	13.34±0.05^b	13.20±0.04^bc	8.63±0.03^d	13.14±0.05^c
∑ UFA	43.08±0.42^a	43.60±0.10^a	43.14±0.23^a	40.29±0.32^c	42.4±0.08^b
SFA/UFA	1.30±0.03^c	1.28±0.01^c	1.32±0.02^c	1.47±0.02^a	1.35±0.01^b
PUFA/SFA	0.33±0.01^a	0.24±0.01^b	0.24±0.01^b	0.15±0.01^c	0.23±0.01^b

All values are mean±SD of three replicates (n=3).
Means within a row with different letters are significantly different (p<0.05).
Raw, non-dried insect; HD, hot air-dried insect without pre-treatment; HB, hot air-dried insect after blanching; HR, hot air-dried insect after roasting; HS, hot air-dried insect after super-heated steaming; ND, not detected; SFA, saturated fatty acid; MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acid; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acid; UFA, unsaturated fatty acid.