Table 1. Metabolomics approaches for authentication of meat products

No Title Refs yr Objectives Equipment Metabolite results
1 1H-NMR-based metabolomic profiling and taste of stewed pork-hock in soy sauce (Yang et al., 2019) 2019 Steward pork 1H-NMR Amino acids, sucrose, β-glucose, acetate, and creatinine
2 LC–QTOF-MS identification of porcine- specific peptide in heat treated pork identifies candidate markers for meat species determination (Sarah et al., 2016) 2016 Meat (pork, beef, chicken, and chevon) LC-QTOF-MS Seven porcine-specific peptides, two were derived from lactate dehydrogenase, one from creatine kinase, and four from serum albumin protein
3 A volatilomics approach for off-line discrimination of minced beef and pork meat and their admixture using HS-SPME GC/MS in tandem with multivariate data analysis (Pavlidis et al., 2019) 2019 Meat (beef and pork) GC-MS Alcohols, 2-butanol, and 1-octen-3-ol
4 Chemometrics-assisted shotgun proteomics for establishment of potential peptide markers of non-halal pork (Sus scrofa) among halal beef and chicken (Yuswan et al., 2018) 2018 Meat (beef, chicken, and pork) LC-MS 7 Peptides marker
5 Discrimination between vegetable oil and animal fat by a metabolomics approach using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry combined with chemometrics (Heidari et al., 2020) 2020 Animal fats GC-MS Methyl myristate, methyl palmitate, methyl oleate, and methyl stearate
6 Liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and rapid evaporative ionization mass spectrometry were used to develop a lamb authentication method: A preliminary study (Wang et al., 2020) 2020 Meat UHPLC-QTOF-MS 42 Potential metabolites
7 Impact of a pitanga leaf extract to prevent lipid oxidation processes during shelf life of packaged pork burgers: An untargeted metabolomic approach (Rocchetti et al., 2020) 2020 Meat UHPLC-QTOF-MS Hexanoylcarnitine, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, 6-hydroxypentadecanedioic acid, 9S,11S,15S,20-tetrahydroxy-5Z,13E-prostadienoic acid (20-hydroxy-PGF2a), sativic acid
8 Effect of different slaughtering method on metabolites of broiler chickens using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-time of flight-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-TOF-MS) (Ali et al., 2020a) 2019 Chicken meat UHPLC-QTOF-MS Histidin, inosin, hypoxantine
9 Meat, the metabolites: An integrated metabolite profiling and lipidomics approach for the detection of the adulteration of beef with pork (Trivedi et al., 2016) 2016 Meat GC-MS and UHPLC-MS Arabitol, citric acid, glucose 6-phosphat, glycine, malic acid
1H-NMR, hydrogen-1 nuclear magnetic resonance; LC-QTOF-MS, liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry; HS-SPME, headspace solid-phase micro extraction; GC-MS, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; LC-MS, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry; UHPLC-QTOF-MS, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry; UHPLC-TOF-MS, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry; UHPLC-MS, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.