Table 4. Serum biochemical parameters of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats orally administered TMlp for 5 weeks

Parameters	Control	TMlp
		W/o eps 10%	W/ eps 5%	W/ eps 10%	W/ eps 15%
TP (g/dL)	5.74±0.26	5.78±0.19	5.90±0.21	5.95±0.21	5.93±0.17
Albumin (g/dL)	3.56±0.15	3.64±0.14	3.67±0.10	3.77±0.11	3.70±0.06
T-Bili (mg/dL)	LOD1)	0.0043±0.0086	LOD	LOD	0.0167±0.0373
Glucose (mg/dL)	224.80±7.17	222.40±19.44	212.80±16.12	204.50±17.64	212.83±19.92
BUN (mg/dL)	15.84±0.51	15.04±2.37	15.38±1.23	14.95±1.89	13.85±1.85
Crea (mg/dL)	0.26±0.05	0.26±0.05	0.26±0.05	0.27±0.05	0.25±0.05
AST (U/L)	123.20±32.76	95.20±27.95	104.60±22.22	95.17±20.91	80.50±6.24
ALT (U/L)	61.93±5.11	57.98±5.87	56.17±2.27	59.61±2.92	56.47±5.19
ALP (U/L)	332.80±56.60	334.40±31.93	294.60±46.77	308.83±13.86	299.00±39.49
γ-GTP (U/L)	0.96±0.33	1.05±0.32	1.04±0.36	0.97±0.23	0.77±0.17
Globulin (g/dL)	2.18±0.12	2.14±0.08	2.22±0.12	2.18±0.13	2.23±0.18
Na+ (mmol/L)	138.32±0.52	139.20±0.51*	139.98±1.32	139.98±0.53#	140.00±0.49
K+ (mmol/L)	4.41±0.30	4.00±0.31	4.09±0.34	4.45±0.57	4.23±0.30
Cl– (mmol/L)	98.20±0.35	99.02±0.63	99.04±1.16	99.15±1.13	98.70±1.03

Values are presented as mean±SD (n=5).
Significance was determined using Student’s t-test.
p<0.05 compared with control versus W/o eps 10%.
p<0.05 compared with W/o eps 10% versus W/ eps 10%.
LOD, below the limit of detection.
TMlp, Tenebrio molitor larvae powder; W/o eps, without expanded-polystyrene-fed; W/ eps, expanded-polystyrene-fed; TP, total protein; T-Bili, total bilirubin; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; Crea, creatinine; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; γ-GTP, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase.