Table 7. Creatine, creatinine, and dipeptides contents of broilers from conventional and animal welfare-certified farms

Items (mg/100 g)	Conventional farm			Animal welfare-certified farm			Mean		SEM	p-value
Items (mg/100 g)	1	2	3	1	2	3	Conventional farm	Animal welfare-certified farm	SEM	p-value
Breast meat
Creatine	326.57	327.04	386.04	308.50	329.94	346.74	346.56^a	328.40^b	5.232	<0.010
Creatinine	2.69	2.62	2.10	3.32	2.56	2.15	2.47	2.68	0.090	0.077
Anserine	184.71	231.66	242.82	225.72	251.14	226.43	219.73	234.43	5.897	0.144
Carnosine	59.25	73.04	77.54	79.71	82.62	90.56	69.94^b	84.30^a	2.429	<0.001
Thigh meat
Creatine	330.73	342.29	390.33	309.57	332.78	370.14	354.45^a	337.50^b	5.825	<0.050
Creatinine	2.59	3.02	2.16	2.57	3.48	3.03	2.59^b	3.03^a	0.092	<0.001
Anserine	159.84	151.09	123.60	123.53	157.46	112.76	144.84^a	131.25^b	3.816	<0.001
Carnosine	48.15	55.65	72.21	59.76	60.12	73.24	58.67^b	64.37^a	2.003	<0.050

Means with different superscripts between conventional and animal welfare-certified farms are significantly different at p<0.05.