Table 3. Proximate, mineral, heme and non-heme iron compositions of freeze-dried blood powders derived from pig, chicken and duck

Parameters	Porcine blood	Chicken blood	Duck blood	SEM3	P-Value
Proximate composition (% dry basis)
Protein	90.97 ± 0.05a,1,2	88.27 ± 0.04c	89.70 ± 0.08b	0.49	0.000
Ash	7.81 ± 0.08b	9.93 ± 0.34a	9.45 ± 0.16a	0.41	0.005
Moisture	2.19 ± 0.03b	2.83 ± 0.04a	2.71 ± 0.03a	0.12	0.000
Fat	0.86 ± 0.09a	0.15 ± 0.06c	0.43 ± 0.04b	0.13	0.004
Carbohydrate	0.36 ± 0.12b	1.65 ± 0.36a	0.41± 0.29b	0.28	0.030
Mineral composition (mg/kg dry weight)
Fe	1490.14 ± 38.14b	1816.62 ± 10.19a	1803.06 ± 55.88a	54.52	0.000
Mg	309.93 ± 4.22c	387.67 ± 5.54b	471.15 ± 10.20a	23.37	0.000
Zn	33.26 ± 0.11c	42.53 ± 0.38a	41.50 ± 0.31b	1.47	0.000
Cu	36.71 ± 0.62a	26.32 ± 0.30b	20.74 ± 0.29c	2.34	0.000
Mn	3.33 ± 0.03b	2.89 ± 0.09b	49.75 ± 0.49a	7.77	0.000
Cr	1.07 ± 0.01a	0.61 ± 0.02c	0.78 ± 0.02b	0.06	0.000
Se	ND4	ND	ND	-	-
Heme and non-heme iron content (μg/g dry weight)
Heme iron content	832.46 ± 39.99a	526.23 ± 39.18b	833.05 ± 59.82a	52.88	0.000
Non-heme iron content	645.99 ± 11.04c	1276.49 ± 35.66a	943.21 ± 163.09b	95.23	0.001
Heme iron (%)5	56.13 ± 1.34a	29.19 ± 2.11c	47.14 ± 6.07b	4.13	0.000